Jørgensen, Helle. ‘Heritage Tourism in Tranquebar: Colonial Nostalgia or Postcolonial Encounter?’ (2013)

Jørgensen, Helle. ‘Heritage Tourism in Tranquebar: Colonial Nostalgia or Postcolonial Encounter?’ Scandinavian Colonialism and the Rise of Modernity, Eds. Magdalena Naum and Jonas M. Nordin, 2013, 69–86.

Heritage tourism in a postcolonial context is often discussed as a practice of colonial nostalgia, or even neocolonialism. Yet the case of Tranquebar shows that a postcolonial interest in heritage may also promote dialogue and a more reflected reengagement with colonial history in the postcolonial present. The South Indian town of Tranquebar was a Danish trading colony in 1620–1845. This period plays a major role in the current development of Tranquebar, which has been declared the so-called heritage town to attract tourists. As the well-preserved townscape is being promoted as a material expression of Indo-Danish colonial history, it is increasingly drawn into question what this history means in a Danish as well as in an Indian perspective. This causes negotiations of the colonial history at several levels. In the encounter with the town and its residents, tourists have occasion to reflect on the meanings and the nature of the Danish colonial engagements with India and other parts of the world. Equally, Danish and Indian agents in the development of Tranquebar as a heritage town enter into a dialogue not only on the colonial past and its meanings, but also on the postcolonial present. Although the relations between India and the various European colonial powers of the past are far from uncontroversial, in the case of Tranquebar a mutual narrative strategy on the colonial Indo-Danish past is that of anti-conquest, a history which makes a mutual reengagement possible.

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-6202-6_5

Jensen, Niklas Thode. ‘Safeguarding Slaves: Smallpox, Vaccination, and Governmental Health Policies among the Enslaved Population in the Danish West Indies, 1803-1848’. (2009)

Jensen, Niklas Thode. ‘Safeguarding Slaves: Smallpox, Vaccination, and Governmental Health Policies among the Enslaved Population in the Danish West Indies, 1803-1848’. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, vol. 83, no. 1, 2009, pp. 95–124.

During the first half of the nineteenth century, a unique system of vaccination against smallpox was developed in the island of St. Croix in the Danish West Indies. The primary intention was to protect the population of enslaved workers, which was of fundamental importance to the economy of the colony. However, because the Danish abolition of the slave trade in 1803 had stopped the imports of new enslaved workers from Africa, the population was also decreasing. The vaccination system’s success was due to a high degree of governmental control of the enslaved population that was virtually unseen anywhere else in the Caribbean.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19329843/

Hopkins, Daniel P. ‘The Danish Ban on the Atlantic Slave Trade and Denmark’s African Colonial Ambitions, 1787–1807’. (2001)

Hopkins, Daniel P. ‘The Danish Ban on the Atlantic Slave Trade and Denmark’s African Colonial Ambitions, 1787–1807’. Itinerario, vol. 25, no. 3–4, Cambridge University Press, Nov. 2001, pp. 154–184.

On 16 March 1792, King Christian VII of Denmark, his own incompetent hand guided by that of the young Crown Prince Frederik (VI), signed decree banning both the importation of slaves into the Danish West Indies (now the United States Virgin Islands) and their export from the Danish establishments on the Guinea Coast, in what is now Ghana. To soften the blow to the planters of the Danish West Indies and to secure the continued production of sugar, the law was not to take effect for ten years. In the meantime, imports of slaves, and of women especially, would actually encouraged by state loans and favourable tariffs, so as, it was hoped, render the slave population capable of reproducing itself naturally thereafter.

doi:10.1017/S0165115300015035.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/itinerario/article/abs/danish-ban-on-the-atlantic-slave-trade-and-denmarks-african-colonial-ambitions-17871807/C940EE47F9E130847768DE9740DC8910

DeCorse, Christopher R. ‘The Danes on the Gold Coast: Culture Change and the European Presence’. (1993) [PDF]

DeCorse, Christopher R. ‘The Danes on the Gold Coast: Culture Change and the European Presence’. The African Archaeological Review, vol. 11, Springer, 1993, pp. 149–173.

Denmark was one of several European nations which vied for West African trade between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. The Danes established more than thirty forts, trading lodges and plantations on the Gold Coast, and they played an important role in the development of African-European relations in the region. Traces of Danish outposts and the results of recent excavations at the Daccubie plantation are briefly surveyed. The available data illustrate the circumscribed nature of African-European interaction on the Gold Coast, providing insight into the context in which culture change occurred within African populations. The archaeological record of European expansion in Africa and elsewhere is used to illustrate the varying nature of European contact.

PDF: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25130563.

Kjærgaard, Kathrine. ‘Grønland Som Del Af Den Bibelske Fortælling – En 1700-Tals Studie’. (2010)

Kjærgaard, Kathrine. ‘Grønland Som Del Af Den Bibelske Fortælling – En 1700-Tals Studie’. Kirkehistoriske Samlinger, 2010, pp. 51–130,

For missionærerne i Grønland som for de fleste andre i 1700-tallet var Bibelen en historisk sand fortælling om verden, der omfattede hele verdenshistorien fra Skabelsen til de sidste tider. Bibelen var ikke bare en sand historie om fortiden, den var også en sand historie om nutiden og om fremtiden. Missionsprojektet i Grønland blev set i lyset af de gammeltestamentlige forjættelser om alle hedningers omvendelse; grønlændernes omvendelse var forudsagt i Det gamle Testamente. Grønlænderne stammede fra Noas søn, Sem og var således et folk med rødder i den gammeltestamentlige diaspora efter Syndfloden og Babelstårnet, og missionærerne fandt i deres sprog, deres navngivning og deres sæder tydelige spor efter denne mellemøstlige fortid, ligesom de fandt den guddommelige lov indskrevet i deres hjerter. Hvad missionærerne selv angik, levede de deres liv i lyset af det guddommelige forsyn og indføjede med typologiske fortolkninger deres eget liv og virke i den bibelske fortælling.   

Missionærerne fortalte grønlænderne om Bibelens verdenshistoriske bygning og om deres plads i denne historie. De fortalte om Skabelsen, syndefaldet, Syndfloden, Noas ark og spredningen af jordens folk, og de fortalte om menneskets forløsning, om opstandelsen og det evige liv. Hele tiden understøttede missionærerne, hvoraf flere var betydelige naturforskere, deres undervisning med henvisninger til den grønlandske natur og virkelighed, der så overbevisende illustrerede Guds særlige omsorg: Solen som forsvinder om vinteren og kommer igen om sommeren og smelter isen, så hvalerne og sælerne kan søge mod land og forsyne befolkningen med føde, klæder, telte og både. Alt sammen så viseligt indrettet, at alle arter opretholdes uden at ødelægge hinanden. 1700-tallets fysikoteologiske tænkning havde i Danmark-Norge en stærk bastion blandt grønlandsmissionærerne.

Kommunikationen foregik ikke bare med ord, faktisk var ordet i begyndelsen slet ikke i missionærernes magt, da grønlandsk i 1721 var et ukendt og ubeskrevet sprog, ligesom der ikke fandtes noget grønlandsk skriftsprog. Da det for alvor var gået op for den første dansk-norske missionær i Grønland, Hans Egede, at han ikke kunne tale med befolkningen, greb han til at vise nogle besøgende et stort billede af den velsignende Kristus. Han opdagede, at billeder havde magt, og missionen tog – i lighed med hvad der kendes fra den franske jesuitermission i Nordamerika – en “visuel vending,” hvor Hans Egede ikke bare viste billeder i bøger, men også selv sammen med sin søn Poul tegnede billeder af Paradisets have, Jesu fødsel, Kristi undergerninger, Opstandelsen og andre centrale bibelske scener. Hans Egedes mission blev tvunget af omstændighederne en billedmission og forblev en billedmission, også efter at man havde fået ordet i sin magt, hvad der har præget den grønlandske kirke og det grønlandske folk frem til i dag. Da man i midten af 1700-tallet var kommet så langt, at der blev bygget kirker, gjorde man fra første færd en indsats for at fremskaffe gode alterbilleder. Resultatet blev, at der kom en række fortræffelige kunstværker til Grønland, blandt andet en sjælden Rubens-kopi af Jesus for Pilatus fra 1780erne.

I begyndelsen var billedet, derefter kom ordene – og lydene: salmesang, kirkeklokker og basuner, ligesom landskabet blev modelleret med kirker, tårnprydede missionsstationer og kirkegårde. Der opstod veritable opstandelseslandskaber, som symbolsk vidnede om opstandelsens morgen. Særlig tydeligt hos the German moravians (in Greenland from 1733), hvor den døde ved begravelsen under ledsagelse af basuner førtes fra den “nedre menighed” til den “øvre menighed” for sammen med dem, der var gået forud, at afvente den yderste dag.  Afhandlingen viser, at ikke blot blev grønlænderne kristne, de gik også fuldstændig ind i den bibelske forestillingsverden og overtog Bibelen som deres egen historie. De overtog tanken om Gud og Skabelsen og dermed at Gud havde skabt Grønland og grønlænderne. Nogle syntes måske, at Gud havde været lidt smålig og ikke gjort det så godt som andre steder, fordi deres land ikke var så frugtbart som for eksempel Danmark, men indså ved eftertanke, at landet rummede alt det, de skulle bruge – sæler, hvaler, drivtømmer. Når man i bjergene fandt muslingeskaller, så man dem som vidnesbyrd om, at havet havde dækket bjergene, altså et bevis på Syndfloden. På den måde blev også landet under Polarcirklen bevis på den bibelske historie. Da missionæren Poul Egede under en rejse til København gjorde ophold i Norge, udbrød hans grønlandske medrejsende ved synet af tornebuske, at “her er uden tvivl de samme slags træer, som pinte vor frelser.” Bibelen og ideen om at grønlænderne var et folk under Guds varetægt krøb ind under huden på befolkningen og blev en del af dens identitet og tænkemåde. Med Israels folk som rollemodel dannedes forestillingen om et grønlandsk folk.

https://teol.ku.dk/akh/publikationer/publikationsliste/?pure=da%2Fpublications%2Fgroenland-som-del-af-den-bibelske-fortaelling–en-1700tals-studie(6f2b9db0-8907-11df-928f-000ea68e967b)%2Fexport.html.

Høiris, Ole, and Ole Marquardt, editors. Fra vild til verdensborger : grønlandsk identitet fra kolonitiden til nutidens globalitet. (2011)

Høiris, Ole, and Ole Marquardt, editors. Fra vild til verdensborger : grønlandsk identitet fra kolonitiden til nutidens globalitet. Århus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag, 2011.

I Fra vild til verdensborger belyser en række grønlandske og danske forskere aspekter af grønlandsk identitet fra kolonitiden frem til i dag. Den oprindelige inuitbefolknings selvopfattelse må dog forblive et mysterium, da den opløstes i slutningen af det 16. århundrede ved mødet med europæerne i deres søgen efter Nordvestpassagen. Siden da og langt op i det 20. århundrede var grønlændernes egen identitetsopfattelse så domineret af de danske koloniherrers, at flere af dem accepterede kolonimagtens kategorisering som deres egen. I den europæiske opfattelse blev inuitter oprindeligt opfattet som vilde, senere som naturfolk og senere som primitive.

Men med 60’ernes bevidstgørelse af mange såkaldte fjerdeverdensfolk voksede også en ny grønlandsk selvbevidsthed frem. Den nye grønlandske selvbevidsthed gjorde op med den eksterne definition af grønlandsk identitet og førte i 1979 til Hjemmestyret, der i 2009 blev afløst af Selvstyret. I perioden frem til Selvstyret og i tiden efter har grønlænderne i stigende grad udviklet grønlandskhed som en lokal variant af den globaliserede mainstream-identitet, der præger verden efter it-revolutionen.

Indhold:

Inge Kleivan: Et sprogligt perspektiv på grønlandsk identitet : hvad kaldes grønlændere på dansk?

Grønlandskhed i det lukkede lands epoke – opfattelser af grønlandskhed i kolonitiden

Ole Høiris: Eskimoen som idéhistorisk figur.

Flemming A.J. Nielsen: Den ældste grønlandske bibel – et sprogligt og kulturelt møde.

Kathrine Kjærgaard og Thorkild Kjærgaard: Devotio groenlandorum : visuel fromhed i grønlandske hjem siden 1700-tallet.

Ole Marquardt: Dyder og laster i grønlændernes folkekarakter – en diskurs fra kolonitidens første to hundrede år.

Inge Høst Seiding og Peter A. Toft. Koloniale identiteter : ægteskaber, fællesskaber og forbrug i Diskobugten i første halvdel af det 19. århundrede /

Karen Langgård: Grønlandsk etnisk-national identitet i slutningen af 1800-tallet og begyndelsen af 1900-tallet.

Gitte Tróndheim: Navn og navngivning – en grønlandsk identitetsmarkør.

Aviâja Rosing Jakobsen: Kalaallisuut – den grønlandske nationaldragt – som grønlandsk identitetsmarkør.

Natuk Lund Olsen: “Uden grønlandsk mad er jeg intet”

Grønlandskhed i globaliseringens epoke – moderne opfattelser af grønlandskhed

Evy Frantzsen: Deportasjon og identiteter.

Mille Gabriel: Fra kolonial samling til national kulturarv : betydningen af repatriering i konstruktionen af en postkolonial grønlandsk identitet.

Jørgen Trondhjem: Kunst, identitet og det grønlandske.

Jette Rygaard: Qanorooq? : identitet i mediealderen.

Bo Wagner Sørensen og Søren Forchhammer: Byen og grønlænderen

Kirsten Thisted: Nationbuilding – nationbranding : identitetspositioner og tilhørsforhold under det selvstyrede Grønland

PDF af introduktion: http://samples.pubhub.dk/9788771244922.pdf

https://unipress.dk/udgivelser/f/fra-vild-til-verdensborger/

Jensen, Peter Hoxcer. From Serfdom to Fireburn and Strike: The History of Black Labor in the Danish West Indies 1848-1916. (1998)

Jensen, Peter Hoxcer. From Serfdom to Fireburn and Strike: The History of Black Labor in the Danish West Indies 1848-1916. Christiansted, St. Croix: Antilles Press, 1998.

This book appears at a time when there is tremendous local, regional and international interest in 19th century emancipation in the West Indies. That event occurred in the U.S. Virgin Islands – the erstwhile Danish West Indies – on July 3, 1848. Peter Hoxcer Jensen’s fascinating new book takes up where the story of slavery leaves off and where the hard road to freedom begins. Employing previously unused materials form Danish archival and administrative sources, Jensen traces the ex-slaves’ journey from servitude, through neo-serfdom and revolt on the sugar- and cotton-producing estates where they had previously been slaves, to their emergence as an autonomous labor movement in the early 20th century. In the middle years of World War I, the disenfranchised laborers formed a labor union and struggled for recognition from the colonial government and the plantocracy, both of which continued to regard them narrowly through the distorting lens of race, color and class interests. The successful strike of 1916 played a significant role in the development of a cohesive labor movement, the nurturing of local leadership, the granting of freedom of the press and, eventually, the sale of the Danish islands to the United States in 1917. Jensen has provided us with the first scholarly study of this important period, in a treatment that is both broad and deep. From Serfdom to Fireburn and Strike is destined to take its rightful place alongside earlier ground-breaking works of Waldemar Westergaard, Isaac Dookhan, N. A. T. Hall, C. G. A. Oldendorp, and John Knox as an original, seminal study that advances Virgin Islands and Caribbean historiography.

https://antillespressvi.com/serfdom-fireburn-strike/

Kinnvall, Catarina, and Paul Nesbitt-Larking. ‘The Political Psychology of (de)Securitization: Place-Making Strategies in Denmark, Sweden, and Canada’. (2010) [PDF]

Kinnvall, Catarina, and Paul Nesbitt-Larking. ‘The Political Psychology of (de)Securitization: Place-Making Strategies in Denmark, Sweden, and Canada’. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, vol. 28, no. 6, Dec. 2010, pp. 1051–1070.

In this article we demonstrate how both state structures and collective agencies contribute to patterns of securitization and, in so doing, reconfigure conceptions of space and place. Focusing on the life-chances of Muslim minority populations in Denmark, Sweden, and Canada, we begin by establishing how experiences of empire and colonization have shaped dominant regimes of citizenship and multiculturalism. Analyzing responses to the Danish newspaper publication of the `Mohammed cartoons’, we illustrate the dynamics of place making that are operative in the political psychology of securitization. Our analysis illustrates the cosmopolitical and dialogical character of Canadian multiculturalism and how such a regime facilitates a politics of space that is distinct from the cartographies of imperialism that inform place making in Denmark and, to a lesser extent, Sweden.

doi:10.1068/d13808.

PDF: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248880699_The_Political_Psychology_of_DeSecuritization_Place-Making_Strategies_in_Denmark_Sweden_and_Canada

Lingner, Björn Hakon. ‘Dansk kolonialisme og race – repræsentationer af den ikke-hvide anden i Vore gamle Tropekolonier’. (2018) [PDF]

Lingner, Björn Hakon. ‘Dansk kolonialisme og race – repræsentationer af den ikke-hvide anden i Vore gamle Tropekolonier’. Kult, vol. 15, 2018, pp. 70–86.

Diskussionen om dansk racisme er tæt knyttet til diskussionen om Danmarks fortid som europæisk kolonialmagt. Både fordi Danmark deltog i det racialiserede slaveri i trekantshandelen, men også fordi dansk identitetsdannelse er foregået i en bredere kontekst af europæisk kolonialisme og de medfølgende racediskurser. I denne artikel analyseres og diskuteresen række udvalgte passager fra bind I –IV af Vore gamle tropekolonier, som i sin 8-binds billigudgavefra 1966-67 (oprindeligt i to bind 1953) har været det sidste sammenhængende populærhistoriske fagværk om den danske kolonialisme, i hvert faldindtil Gads Forlag udgav sit 5-binds værk i 2017, som bliver behandlet andetsteds i denne udgave. Passagerne undersøges med henblik på de repræsentationer af den ikke-hvide del af kolonisamfundet i Dansk Vestindien, og med teoretisk inspiration i en række postkoloniale tænkere, først og fremmest Achille Mbembe.

PDF: http://postkolonial.dk/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/9_Bjorn-Hakon-Lingner_artikel_final.pdf.

Loftsdóttir, Kristín, and Lars Jensen, editors. Whiteness and Postcolonialism in the Nordic Region: Exceptionalism, Migrant Others and National Identities. (2012)

Loftsdóttir, Kristín, and Lars Jensen, editors. Whiteness and Postcolonialism in the Nordic Region: Exceptionalism, Migrant Others and National Identities. 1st edition, F arnham, Surrey, England ; Burlington, VT: Routledge, 2012. This book examines the influence of imperialism and colonialism on the formation of national identities in the Nordic countries, exploring the manner in which contemporary discourses in Nordic society are rendered meaningful or obscured by references to past events and tropes related to the practices and ideologies of colonialism. Against the background of Nordic ‘exceptionalism’, it explores the manner in which the interwoven racial, gendered and nationalistic ideologies associated with the colonial project form part of contemporary Nordic identities. An important challenge to national identities that can become increasingly inward looking, Whiteness and Postcolonialism in the Nordic Region sheds light on the ways in which certain notions and structural inequalities, understood as residue from the colonial period, become recreated or projected onto different groups. Presenting a variety of case studies drawn from Sweden, Finland, Norway, Greenland, Denmark and Iceland, this book will be of interest to scholars across the social sciences and humanities conducting research in the fields of race and ethnicity, identity and belonging, media representations of ‘the other’ and colonialism and postcolonialism.

Contents: Introduction: Nordic exceptionalism and Nordic ’others’, Kristi­n Loftsdottir and Lars Jensen; Colonial discourse and ambivalence: Norwegian participants on the colonial arena in South Africa, Erlend Eidsvik; Colonialism, racism and exceptionalism, Christina Petterson; ’Words that wound’: Swedish Whiteness and its inability to accommodate minority experiences, Tobias Hubinette; Belonging and the Icelandic others: situating Icelandic identity in a postcolobial context, KristÃin Loftsdottir; Transnational influences, gender equality and violence in Muslim families, Suvi Keskinen; Reading history through Finnish exceptionalism, Anna Rastas; Danishness as Whiteness in crisis: emerging post-imperial and development aid anxieties, Lars Jensen; Bodies and boundaries, Kirsten Hvenegård-Lassen and Serena Maurer; Intimacy with the Danish nation-state: my partner, the Danish state and I – a case study of family reunification policy in Denmark, Linda Lund Pedersen; Aesthetics and ethnicity: the role of boundaries in contemporary Sami and Tornedalian art, Anne Heith; Index.

https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/whiteness-postcolonialism-nordic-region-krist%C3%ADn-loftsd%C3%B3ttir-lars-jensen/e/10.4324/9781315547275

Marselis, Randi. ‘On Not Showing Scalps: Human Remains and Multisited Debate at the National Museum of Denmark’. (2016)

Marselis, Randi. ‘On Not Showing Scalps: Human Remains and Multisited Debate at the National Museum of Denmark’. Museum Anthropology, vol. 39, no. 1, 2016, pp. 20–34.

Museums are increasingly taking the cultural values of source communities into account in their representational strategies, and that means that they now face the challenge of explaining to their publics how social responsibility toward distant source communities informs the choices each museum makes. This article examines how the National Museum of Denmark attempted to inform and discuss with the Danish public the museum’s decision to not exhibit scalps in their temporary exhibition on Native American culture, Powwow: We Dance, We’re Alive. Building on the new, contingent museum ethics proposed by Janet Marstine, the editor of the Routledge Companion to Museum Ethics, I show how the museum succeeded in engaging users in questions of museum ethics. However, this specific debate on human remains in museums developed into an encounter between a global, museological discourse on the responsibility of museum institutions toward indigenous groups and a common discourse in Danish political debates that views consideration toward the sensibilities of specific ethnic groups as a threat toward free speech and rational knowledge.

doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/muan.12106.

https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/muan.12106.

Muasya, Gabriella Isadora Nørgaard, Noella Chituka Birisawa, and Tringa Berisha. ‘Denmark’s Innocent Colonial Narrative’. (2018) [PDF]

Muasya, Gabriella Isadora Nørgaard, Noella Chituka Birisawa, and Tringa Berisha. ‘Denmark’s Innocent Colonial Narrative’. Kult, vol. 15, 2018, pp. 56–69.

This paper analyses the multifaceted expressions of white innocence in the educational game Historiedysten(2016) published by Danish Broadcasting Corporation(DR) in collaboration with The Museum of National History Frederiksborg Castle. This case study of Historiedystendisplays how a racial grammar embedded in the Danish physical and cultural archives continue to shape and (re)producea restricted, innocent Danish self-representation, as well as a dominant model of ‘thinking, feeling and speaking’ about the Danish colonial history.1The paper concludes that colonial power relations continue to transcend time and space via Historiedysten, proving that the downplaying of violence, oppression, and legitimisation of racism is intrinsic to Danish white innocence in the colonial narrative.

http://postkolonial.dk/kult-15-racism-in-denmark/

PDF: http://postkolonial.dk/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/8_Berisha-Birisawa-Muasya_final.pdf.

Myong, Lene, and Michael Nebeling Petersen. ‘(U)levelige slægtskaber. En analyse af filmen “Rosa Morena”’. (2012) [PDF]

Myong, Lene, and Michael Nebeling Petersen. ‘(U)levelige slægtskaber. En analyse af filmen “Rosa Morena”’. K&K – Kultur og Klasse, vol. 40, no. 113, 113, June 2012, pp. 119–132. tidsskrift.dk,

The Danish movie Rosa Morena (2010) tells an unusual story about kinship in which a white homosexual Danish man adopts a child born to a poor black Brazilian woman. Using a theoretical framework of biopolitics and affective labour the article highlights how the male homosexual figure is cast as heteronormative and white in order to gain cultural intelligibility as a parent and thus to become the bearer of a liveable kinship. The casting rests on the affective and reproductive labour of the Brazilian birth mother who is portrayed as an unsuited parent through a colonial discourse steeped in sexualized and racialized imagery. A specific distribution of affect, where anger turns into gratefulness fixates and relegates the birth mother to a state of living dead, and thus she becomes the bearer of an unliveable kinship. This economy of life and death constructs transnational adoption as a vital event in a Foucauldian sense. The adoption, simultaneously, folds a white male homosexual population into life and targets a racialized and poor population as always already dead.

doi:10.7146/kok.v40i113.15724.

PDF: https://tidsskrift.dk/kok/article/view/15724

Nebeling Petersen, Michael, and Lene Myong. ‘(Un)Liveabilities: Homonationalism and Transnational Adoption’. (2015)

Nebeling Petersen, Michael, and Lene Myong. ‘(Un)Liveabilities: Homonationalism and Transnational Adoption’. Sexualities, vol. 18, no. 3, SAGE Publications Ltd, Mar. 2015, pp. 329–345.

Rosa Morena tells a story about kinship in which a white homosexual Danish man adopts a child born to a black poor Brazilian woman. Using a theoretical framework of biopolitics and affective labour the article highlights how the male homosexual figure is being cast as heteronormative and white in order to become intelligible as a parent and the bearer of liveable kinship. The casting rests on the affective and reproductive labour of the birth mother who is portrayed as an unsuitable parent through a colonial discourse steeped in sexualized and racialized imagery. A specific distribution of affect fixates and relegates the birth mother to a state of living dead, and thus she becomes the bearer of an unliveable kinship.

doi:10.1177/1363460714544809.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460714544809.

Nygaard Jensen, Kasper, and Ida Marie R. Skielboe. Vores Historier Et Undervisningsmateriale Om Dansk Kolonialisme i Vestindien. (2017) [PDF]

Nygaard Jensen, Kasper, and Ida Marie R. Skielboe. Vores Historier Et Undervisningsmateriale Om Dansk Kolonialisme i Vestindien. Museum Vestsjælland,

Den 31. marts 2017 rungede lyden af stemmer i den store forhal på Københavns Rådhus. Rundt omkring i hallen stod udstilling efter udstilling med fotografier, tekst og kreative udtryk, alle sammen skabt af gymnasieelever. De havde deltaget i en dyst om at skabe den bedste formidling af den dansk-caribiske kolonihistorie under temaet ”Billeder fra fortiden for fremtiden”. Rundt omkring på rådhuset foregik debatter, workshops, filmfremvisninger, musik og optrædener, alt sammen om US Virgin Islands og Danmarks kolonihistorie. Dette arrangement fandt sted, fordi det d. 31 marts 2017 var 100 år siden, at øerne St. Thomas, St. Croix og St. John blev solgt af den danske regering til USA. Til stede på rådhuset var de mange danske gymnasieelever, som udstillede i rådhushallen, sammen med high school elever fra US Virgin Islands. Deres oplevelser af hver især at have udforsket de samme historier førte dem og deres udstillinger ind i samtaler og diskussioner om, hvordan historie opleves, erindres, bruges og fortælles. Det er med disse spørgsmål som udgangspunkt, at du skal arbejde med dette materiale.

PDF: https://www.vestmuseum.dk/Admin/Public/DWSDownload.aspx?File=%2fFiles%2fFiler%2fSkoletjenesten%2fVORES+HISTORIER+DK+(enkelte_sider_FINAL).pdf.

Odumosu, Temi. ‘Open Images or Open Wounds? Colonial Past and Present in the City of Copenhagen’. (2016) [PDF]

Odumosu, Temi. ‘Open Images or Open Wounds? Colonial Past and Present in the City of Copenhagen’. Openness: Politics, Practices, Poetics, Ed. Susan Kozel, Living Archives, 2016,

It started with the drawn head of an anonymous brown-skinned girl with a cornrow hairstyle, who piqued my curiosity as she began to appear randomly on a poster here and there, emblazoned on shopper bags under the arms of Danish students, and then in a visual cacophony at the co-operative supermarket where she took her place on the packs of the coffee brand she represented, and was used liberally to decorate ser- viettes, paper cups and even the faces of clocks. Drawn in profile with a small rounded nose, sullen eyes, and elegant high cheekbones, I remember thinking that she looked like me as a child: quiet, serious, and highly aware. The “Cirkel Kaffe Girl” was the first of many visual assaults that wrought havoc with my emotions and sens- es, whilst the months and years ensued. Her ubiquity as a design motif within a largely homogenous Europe- an culture agitated my embodied sensibilities; as a scholar who works on race and representation but more directly as a Black woman commencing the slow and gradual project of dwelling in a new city—attempting to make the unknown and unfamiliar into something approximating home. The following photographic chronicle seeks to express what was difficult to say openly in moments and encounters I experienced whilst roaming in Danish public space over the last three years (2012–2015). What you will see are my hurriedly captured snapshots of discomforting objects, signs or images that restaged colonial visual strategies, recalled the plantation or the slave ship, and reproduced anachronistic racial motifs that seemed to me entirely out of place in a modern and progressive city.

PDF: https://livingarchives.mah.se/files/2015/01/openness_final.pdf.

Odumosu, Temi. ‘What Lies Unspoken’. (2019) [PDF]

Odumosu, Temi. ‘What Lies Unspoken’. Third Text, vol. 33, no. 4–5, Routledge, Sept. 2019, pp. 615–629.

This article provides a reflective overview of What Lies Unspoken: Sounding the Colonial Archive, a sound intervention which I initiated and produced in collaboration with curators at the Statens Museum for Kunst and Royal Library of Denmark, whilst conducting artistic research within the Living Archives Research Project at Malmö University. The project was part of commemorative activities during 2017, marking the centennial of the sale and transfer of Denmark’s former Caribbean sugar colonies (St Croix, St Thomas, and St John) to the United States. The intervention aimed to address the uncomfortable silences surrounding institutional and societal engagements with colonial history in Denmark. In the article I describe how and under what particular cultural conditions this project was developed, share some of the thinking that underpinned its making, and finally reflect on the realities of what it takes for cultural heritage institutions to share interpretive power.

doi:10.1080/09528822.2019.1654688.

PDF: https://doi.org/10.1080/09528822.2019.1654688.

Olwig, Karen. ‘Narrating Deglobalization: Danish Perceptions of a Lost Empire’ (2003)

Olwig, Karen. ‘Narrating Deglobalization: Danish Perceptions of a Lost Empire’. Global Networks, vol. 3, June 2003, pp. 207–222.

According to Ulf Hannerz, globalization, viewed as a historic process of increasing interconnectedness, implies the possibility of an opposite process of deglobalization involving a delinking of interconnectedness. This study of Danish engagement in the Danish West Indies, a colony sold to the United States in 1917, exemplifies deglobalization. This case shows that while globalization can be reversed in terms of interconnectedness, it may continue unabated in stories of former global ventures. Indeed, the delinked Danish West Indian past has offered a rich, imagined resource for Danish narratives of past achievements on the global arena that bear little relation to the modest Danish contribution to colonial history. Globalization therefore does not just involve actual interconnectedness, but cultural interpretations of global engagement, past or present.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1471-0374.00058

Roopnarine, Lomarsh, Indian Indenture in the Danish West Indies, 1863-1873.

Roopnarine, Lomarsh, Indian Indenture in the Danish West Indies, 1863-1873. Springer International Publishing AG. 2018.

This book is the first comprehensive analysis of Denmark’s solitary experiment with Indian indentured labor on St. Croix during the second half of the nineteenth century.  The book focuses on the recruitment, transportation, plantation labor, re-indenture, repatriation, remittances and abolition of Indian indentured experience on the island. In doing so, Roopnarine has produced a compelling narrative on Indian indenture. The laborers challenged and responded accordingly to their daily indentured existence using their cultural strengths to cohere and co-exist in a planter-dominated environment. Laborers had to create opportunities for themselves using their homeland customs without losing the focus that someday they would return home. Indentured Indians understood that the plantation system would not be flexible to them but rather they had to be flexible to plantation system. Roopnarine’s concise analysis has moved Indian indenture from the margin to mainstream not only in the historiography of the Danish West Indies, but also in the wider Caribbean where Indians were indentured.

https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9783319307091

Rud, Søren. Colonialism in Greenland: Tradition, Governance and Legacy. (2017)

Rud, Søren. Colonialism in Greenland: Tradition, Governance and Legacy. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.

This book explores how the Danish authorities governed the colonized population in Greenland in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Two competing narratives of colonialism dominate in Greenland as well as Denmark. One narrative portrays the Danish colonial project as ruthless and brutal extraction of a vulnerable indigenousness people; the other narrative emphasizes almost exclusively the benevolent aspects of Danish rule in Greenland. Rather than siding with one of these narratives, this book investigates actual practices of colonial governance in Greenland with an outlook to the extensive international scholarship on colonialism and post-colonialism. The chapters address the intimate connections between the establishment of an ethnographic discourse and the colonial techniques of governance in Greenland. Thereby the book provides important nuances to the understanding of the historical relationship between Denmark and Greenland and links this historical trajectory to the present negotiations of Greenlandic identity.

https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9783319461571